Estuarine Systems: Sedimentary Environments, Stratigraphic Characteristics, Holocene Evolution, and Anthrophogenic Impacts

As the human population continues to move to the coast to live and work, anthropogenic pressures on coastal water bodies will increase to even higher levels than exist today. This is especially true of one of the earth’s most important ecosystems – estuaries. Consequently, research that aids in understanding the geologic development, the fundamental physical processes influencing sedimentation and water quality, and the influence of climate or sea level change on estuaries is essential. Historically, UNH has had significant strength in geologically based research in these areas.

Since the early 1990s we have conducted studies of bottom sediment characteristics, coarse- and fine-grained sedimentation processes, shallow stratigraphic relationships, physical characteristics of the water column, and the sources and controls of suspended sediments. These studies have been conducted primarily in estuarine systems in New Hampshire (Great Bay and Hampton/Seabrook Estuaries) and southern Maine (Webhanet River Estuary).

Examples of recent research in estuarine systems include the following.

Inner Shelf/Nearshore Systems: Sedimentary Environments and Processes, Stratigraphic Characteristics, Resources and Anthropogenic Impacts

Recent reports by private and federal agencies have highlighted the importance of our oceans (see the Pew Oceans Commission report “America's Living Oceans: Charting a Course for Sea Change” or U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy report “An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century”). In addition, these reports have warned of the deteriating conditions that exist in many areas and the profound impacts on ecosystems. Consequently, research designed to further our understanding of marine systems and aid in the management of this valuable resource is extremely important to societal needs.

UNH has a long history of conducting studies on the inner shelf of the Gulf of Maine. Over the last decade, we have conducted a number of research projects examining sedimentary and stratigraphic characteristics, sedimentological processes, habitat characterization, and mineral resources. This work includes basic research of sedimentological processes and depositional environments, as well as applied research related to aquaculture and fisheries management. The most recent work involves new approaches utilizing combinations of acoustic techniques, bottom videography and direct sampling. Thus, state-of-the-art technologies are being merged with established techniques to develop new and improved methods for seafloor characterization. Collectively, this research directly addresses regional and global issues involving fisheries recovery and regulation, management of marine resources, and pollution of our oceans.  

Examples of recent research on the inner shelf include the following.

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Tidal Marsh Systems: Sedimentary Processes, Stratigraphic Characteristics, Holocene Development and Impact of Sea Level Rise

Tidal marsh systems often contain a rich history of the Holocene development of coastal environments, processes occurring in surrounding watersheds, and insights to past climates. In addition, tidal marshes are a vital component of coastal ecosystems providing numerous functions such as nurseries, nutrient sources, sediment sinks and flood buffers. Due to the recognition of their value to coastal systems, tidal marsh restoration has become a priority in many regions.

Because of their intrinsic value and excellent sedimentary records for deciphering the Holocene record, we have conducted a number of research projects focused on the sedimentological characteristics, stratigraphic relationships, origin and development, and impact of sea level fluctuations on tidal marsh systems. An important goal of this work has been to develop an understanding of tidal marsh sedimentological and physical processes and apply this knowledge to estuarine restoration science.

Examples of recent research include the folowing.

Sea Level Changes and Tidal Flooding along the New Hampshire Coast: Past, Present and Future

A common goal of much of the work done by our Coastal Geology group is to develop an understanding of the impact of changes in sea level on coastal environments since the end of the Pleistocene. This work is especially timely in view of ongoing concerns about greenhouse grasses, climate change, and an acceleration in sea level rise. In order to develop a fuller understanding of the potential impacts of future sea level rise, we have conducted studies over the last several years assessing past, present and potential future effects of sea level fluctuations.

Examples of this research are given below.